Ku vumba i maendlelo yo endla swivumbeko swohambana hambana swa ti polymers (powders, pellets, solutions kumbe dispersions) kuva swihumelerisiwa hi xivumbeko lexi lavekaka. I ya nkoka swinene eka maendlelo hinkwawo ya ku vumbiwa ka switirhisiwa swa plastiki naswona i vuhumelerisi bya switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swa polymer kumbe ti profile. Endlelo leri lavekaka. Maendlelo ya plastiki yo vumba ya katsa extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, laminate molding, blow molding, calender molding, foam molding, thermoforming na tindlela tin’wana totala, hinkwato tina ku cinca cinca ka tona.
Ku vumba hi ku hisa i ndlela yo endla switirhisiwa hiku tirhisa maphepha ya thermoplastic tani hi switirhisiwa swoka swinga tirhisiwanga, leswinga vangiwa hiku vumbiwa ka vumbirhi ka tipulasitiki. Xosungula, xiphepherhele lexi tsemiweke hi vukulu na xivumbeko xokarhi xi vekiwa eka furemu ya xivumbeko, naswona xi hisiwa kuya eka xiyimo xale henhla xa elastic exikarhi ka Tg-Tf, xiphepherhele xi olovisiwa loko xiri karhi xi hisiwa, kutani ku cheriwa ntshikelelo kuva xiva ekusuhi na xivumbeko Vuandlalo bya xivumbeko byifana na xivumbeko xa xivumbeko, naswona xiendliwa xinga kumiwa endzhaku ko titimela, ku vumbiwa naku tsemiwa. Hi nkarhi wa thermoforming, ntshikelelo lowu tirhisiwaka ngopfu ngopfu wu seketeriwa eka ku hambana ka ntshikelelo lowu vumbiwaka hiku vacuum naku nghenisa moya lowu tshikeleriweke eka matlhelo hamambirhi ya sheet, kambe na hiku tirhisa ntshikelelo wa michini na ntshikelelo wa hydraulic.
Xihlawulekisi xa thermoforming hileswaku ntshikelelo wa ku vumba wu le hansi, naswona endlelo ra thermoforming ri le ka xiyimo lexi landzelaka:
swilo swa bodo (xiphepherhele) → ku khoma → ku kufumeta → ntshikelelo → ku kufumeta → ku vumba → switirhisiwa leswi nga hetiwangiki ngopfu → ku kufumeta → ku tsemeta. Thermoforming ya xitirhisiwa lexi hetiweke yihambanile na thekinoloji ya nkarhi wun’we yo lulamisa kufana na injection molding na extrusion. A hi ya resin ya plastiki kumbe ti pellets ta ku hisa ku vumba kumbe ku vumba loku yaka emahlweni hi xiphemu xo tsemakanya lexi fanaka hi ku tirhisa die; naswona a yi tirhisi switirhisiwa swa michini, switirhisiwa na tindlela tin’wana to lulamisa hi michini ku tsema xiphemu xa swilo swa pulasitiki. Endzhaku ka sweswo, ku kuma xivumbeko lexi lavekaka na vukulu, kambe eka swilo swa bodo ya plastiki (sheet), ku hisa, ku tirhisa mould, vacuum kumbe ntshikelelo ku onha swilo swa bodo (sheet). Fikelela xivumbeko lexi lavekaka na vukulu, leswi engeteriweke hi maendlelo yo seketela, ku lemuka xikongomelo xa xikombelo.
Thekinoloji ya thermoforming yi endliwile kuya hi ndlela yo vumba metal sheet. Hambileswi nkarhi wa yona wo hluvukisa wu nga lehi, kambe rivilo ra ku lulamisa ri hatlisa, mpimo wa ku tirha hi ku tirhisa michini wu le henhla, xivumbeko xa kona xa chipa naswona xa olova ku xi siva naswona ku cinca-cinca ka xona ku tiyile. Yi nga humesa swilo leswikulu ku fana ni swiphemu swa swihaha-mpfhuka ni swa movha, leswitsongo ku fana ni swikotela swa swakunwa. Swilo leswi saleke swa olova ku swi tlhela swi tirhisiwa. Yikota ku lulamisa maphepha yo olova kufika eka 0.10mm hiku enta. Maphepha lawa yangava yari transparent kumbe opaque, crystalline kumbe amorphous. Swifaniso swi nga ha kandziyisiwa eka phepha ku sungula, kumbe swifaniso leswi nga ni mihlovo yo vangama swi nga kandziyisiwa endzhaku ko vumba.
Eka malembe ya 30 kuya eka 40 lawa yanga hundza, hikokwalaho ka ku andza ka ku hambana ka switirhisiwa swa thermoplastic sheet (sheet) tani hi switirhisiwa swoka swinga tirhisiwanga, ku antswisiwa loku yaka emahlweni ka switirhisiwa swa maendlelo ya thermoforming, na ku tirhisiwa lokukulu ka switirhisiwa, thekinoloji ya thermoforming yi tumbuluxiwile Hi nhluvukiso wa xihatla swinene, thekinoloji na switirhisiwa swa yona swiya swihetisekile swinene. Loko ku pimanyisiwa na injection molding, thermoforming yina swipfuno swa vuhumelerisi byale henhla, ndlela yo olova, vuvekisi byintsongo bya switirhisiwa, xikan’we na vuswikoti byo endla switirhisiwa leswingana swiphemu leswikulu. Hambiswiritano, ntsengo wa thermoforming raw materials wule henhla, naswona kuna maendlelo yotala ya post-processing eka switirhisiwa. Hi nhluvukiso lowu yaka emahlweni wa thekinoloji ya vuhumelerisi xikan’we na xilaveko xo kurisa mimbuyelo ya ikhonomi, switirhisiwa swa thermoforming hakatsongotsongo swi susile swa khale ntsena tani hi sisiteme yo tiyimela hi yoxe ya bodo ya plastiki (sheet) material molding system, naswona swisungule ku hlangana na switirhisiwa swin’wana swa vuhumelerisi ku fikelela xivumbeko Layini ya vuhumelerisi leyi heleleke eka swilaveko swokarhi, hindlela yaleyo swiya emahlweni swiantswisa vukorhokeri bya vuhumelerisi naku hunguta ntsengo wa vuhumelerisi bya xiendliwa xohetelela.
Ku vumba hi ku hisa yi lulamerile ngopfu eka ku endliwa ka switirhisiwa leswingana marhangu yo olova na tindzhawu letikulu ta le henhla. Tinxaka ta tipulasitiki leti tirhisiwaka ngopfu ti katsa polystyrene, plexiglass, polyvinyl chloride, abs, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polycarbonate na polyethylene terephthalate.
Nkarhi wa poso: Apr-20-2021